Monday, January 26, 2009

What's been done

OUTREACH TO FIVE-YEAR-OLDS

  • Pamphlets explaining the benefits of preschool education are sent out to parents early in the year.
  • Grassroots leaders visit homes and suggest solutions to problems that families face in sending their children to preschool. OUTREACH TO SIX-YEAR-OLDS
  • Parents declare whether their children have attended preschool during the Primary 1 registration exercise.
  • Four self-help groups - the Chinese Development Assistance Council, the Eurasian Association, Mendaki and the Singapore Indian Development Association - work with parents to get their children enrolled in kindergartens.
  • Since 2006, a four-week Bridging Programme has been organised by the four self-help groups. Children who have missed preschool or are weak in their studies are taught reading skills and basic numeracy concepts, as well as familiarised with daily school routines. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE SCHEMES
  • Families with a household net income of $1,800 and below can apply for the Kindergarten Financial Assistance Scheme to receive subsidies for kindergarten fees.
  • Families with a net income of $1,000 and below may be given a start-up grant of up to $200 per child to pay for the initial expenses of attending preschool.
  • Working parents with a monthly household net income of $1,800 and below can apply for the Centre-Based Financial Assistance Scheme for Childcare. A monthly subsidy of up to $340 will be given to each child in a family. This is on top of the government childcare subsidy for all working mothers, which is $300 per month.
  • Families can also receive help from community groups and self-help groups' funds such as the ComCare Fund, Home Ownership Plus Education Scheme and Mendaki Education Trust Fund.
 

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Fewer kids skipping preschool

FOLLOWING an islandwide campaign by grassroots leaders and educators, the number of children who skip preschool has halved over the past two years, according to recently released statistics.

Last year, about 870 children missed out on preschool, which is increasingly seen as an essential part of a child's education. The numbers, announced in Parliament last week, are down from about 1,600 at the start of the previous year.

Many children who miss out on preschool come from non-English speaking families and have parents who are unable to teach them. Attending preschool betters their chances of doing well at primary school and beyond, as they learn English and numeracy skills, and develop other skills, such as how to interact with other children in their age group.

The improvement follows a concerted effort by grassroots leaders to educate parents about the importance of preschool.

Since 2007, officials from the Ministry of Education (MOE), Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports, and grassroots organisations have been identifying families who hold back their children from attending preschool.

Grassroots leaders follow up by visiting these families, who often either cannot afford to send their children to preschool, do not understand the importance of an early childhood education or are neglectful because of problems like divorce.

Grassroots leaders suggest solutions, such as applying for cash help via financial assistance schemes set up to pay for preschool (see box).

These efforts have allowed the MOE to cut the percentage of children who do not attend preschool to 2.5per cent at the end of last year, from 4.2per cent at the beginning of 2007.

MOE director of education programmes Sum Chee Wah said: 'These efforts require a door-to-door approach. Grassroots leaders have to commit time and effort, and at times carry out more than one home visit, to ensure the child is enrolled in a preschool.'

Grassroots leader Robert Tay, 41, of the Long Vale Residents' Committee in Bedok Reservoir View, has been carrying out home visits since 2007.

The 41-year-old, an assistant manager at an independent financial advisory company, said half the battle is getting parents to understand the importance of preschool. Some still have the entrenched perception that it is all about play.

He said: 'It is hard to change their mindsets if they don't believe in preschool.'

Mr Tay helped six-year-old Fitri Nur Fadillah Rosli to enrol at a PAP Community Foundation kindergarten branch in Fengshan this month. She missed a year of kindergarten last year because her parents could not afford the fees, which are about $100 a month.

Her father, Mr Rosli Idris, who lost his job as an operations supervisor with a building and maintenance company last March, said Mr Tay helped him understand the importance of an early start.

'I thought I should try my best to get her a place in kindergarten,' he said.

After applying for subsidies, the family now pays about $40 a month for the youngster's school fees.

While getting more children into preschool is a step in the right direction, educators said primary schools should follow up by closely monitoring the progress of children who are late in entering preschool, or who miss it altogether.

Said Seng Kang Primary School principal Lim Lan Chin: 'These children face two problems - they are slower in picking up language and mathematics literacy skills, and may not be socially ready for primary school.'

'To me, the priority is to help the children be socially ready. They have to feel comfortable interacting within a community. It is paramount to help them to start school as happy learners.'

 

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Uphill task for kids who don't go to preschool

WHEN Tan Wanni's father enrolled her in primary school in 2006, teachers noticed that she had no kindergarten schooling.

Her father, Mr Tan Boon Heng, 54, could not afford to send her to preschool; he had not worked since suffering a stroke 14 years ago.

The family's financial woes were exacerbated by Wanni's mother's two-year battle with stomach cancer, which left her father grappling with thousands of dollars worth of medical bills. Her mother died in January 2007.

But with the help of the Chinese Development Assistance Council (CDAC), Wanni was able to attend kindergarten for free, albiet only for the final two months of the semester.

Since then, help has continued for the girl, now in Primary 3 at Gan Eng Seng Primary School.

When she was in Primary 1, she received one-on-one coaching from a volunteer from the CDAC.

She is now attending free enrichment classes in English, Maths and Chinese three times a week at the CDAC's student service centre at Redhill.

This has allowed her to do fairly well in school. She passed all her exams and even scored about 80 marks for her favourite subject Chinese last year.

But the skinny, little girl, who lives in a spartan two-room rental flat at Lengkok Bahru in Bukit Merah with her father, still has a long way to go.

The late start that Wanni has had in interacting with strangers is evident. She is temperamental, guarded and hostile towards strangers.

Her father said he knows that Wanni can be ill-mannered but he cannot bear to scold her.

Mr Tan said in Hokkien: 'She does not have a mother. I feel I have to give her all the love of a mother and a father.'

The duo live hand to mouth. There are no tables or chairs in the flat and their kitchen is filled with instant noodles and biscuits.

Mr Tan receives $250 a month in public assistance but is left with hardly any money after paying rent and utilities.

He speaks to Wanni in a mixture of Hokkien, Mandarin and Malay. The lack of opportunities at home to practise English has hampered the child's proficiency in the language.

Mr Tan hopes that Wanni's intelligence will see her through to university but he is not sure how he will pay for it.

'I won't be able to afford the university fees. If she can't study, then that is her fate. She will have to work.'

 

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Sunday, January 25, 2009

Giving teen entrepreneurs an early start

Energetic, full of ideas and eager to be their own boss, Singapore's teen entrepreneurs now have another reason to turn their vision into reality.

With the amended Civil Law and Bankruptcy Bills passed by Parliament last Monday, anyone aged 18 or older can now start and run a business.

Previously, aspiring entrepreneurs had to be 21 years old, the age when someone is legally considered an adult. Now, anyone who is 18 and above can act as a director of companies, form companies or limited liability partnerships and enter into business contracts, including land leases not exceeding three years.

The changes are a welcome move to those who are already raring to go.

Ms Cindy Chng, 19, a director of Eco-travel, a company that organises nature appreciation and environmental learning trips to South-east Asian destinations, started preparing to get her own firm registered the day she heard the news.

'Having my own company will grant me greater autonomy and control over its operations,' said the first-year business student at Nanyang Technological University (NTU).

Eco-travel is registered as a subsidiary of Eco Singapore, a non-profit social enterprise.

Eco Singapore president Wilson Ang, 26, Ms Chng's business partner, agrees: 'Young people will have more ownership and responsibility if the business is registered in their names.'

Most teen entrepreneurs currently turn to the Internet - creating blog shops and eBay stores or offering Web services - or set up stalls at flea markets and bazaars. Those who want to make their businesses official often do so by proxy: They register their companies under their parents' names.

Ms Janice Tan, the 20-year-old owner of Zsofi, a tapas bar in Little India, wished the changes had come sooner.

When she started her business in August 2007, she had to register her company under her father's name. But even that proved complicated because her father had to juggle her business' legal paperwork and his own day job.

'I feel bad as my father is not supposed to be doing this, as it is my job,' said Ms Tan, who is in her second year of communication studies in NTU.

Mr Donovan Auyong, 19, also had to register a photography and media company under his mother's name when he realised his clients - a large electronics firm and a supermarket - could make out his pay cheque only to a company and not an individual.

He is a final-year fashion communication student at Lasalle College of the Arts.

'The old law did not completely stop young people from starting a business. It just made it more bureaucratic and cumbersome,' said Professor Wong Poh Kam, director of the National University of Singapore's (NUS) Entrepreneurship Centre.

The centre, started in 2001, offers workshops and business clinics on entrepreneurship and runs an incubator programme that provides seed funding and mentorships to NUS students and graduates.

Most polytechnics, some junior colleges, and even secondary schools, have got into the act of incorporating entrepreneurship classes into their curriculum.

Like all three local universities, Temasek Polytechnic and Republic Polytechnic also have dedicated centres for entrepreneurship to provide guidance for young bosses.

Businessman Justin Lee, 27, thinks 18 is 'an ideal time to start a business', as most would have several months free while waiting to enter university or the army.

'Registering my business was the first thing I wanted to do the day I turned 21,' recalled Mr Lee, who started out as a freelance website designer when he was 14.

He now owns three companies that offer services such as software design, events organising and helping foreign technology start-ups relocate here. Operating in both Singapore and Jakarta, his firms have 20 full-time staff in total.

The youth are becoming more entrepreneurial because rapid changes in technologies have created opportunities for innovation, said Professor Desai Narasimhalu, the director of Singapore Management University's Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship.

He also observed that with parents being more affluent and educated these days, youngsters may find it easier to get their support in pursuing alternative careers.

But Mr Nicholas Chan, 30, the executive director of Azione Capital, which provides seed funding and mentoring for technology start-ups, advised caution against rashly rushing into binding contracts.

'Some youths genuinely want to create something for themselves but many, being young and lacking in life experiences, can easily be distracted from their work when faced with school stress and relationship or friendship problems,' he warned.

 

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More youth getting hooked on smartphones

United States President Barack Obama cannot live without it and now, neither can some youngsters in Singapore.

The BlackBerry, a smartphone which allows users to use phone functions as well as e-mail and applications like Facebook, is becoming popular among the young, although it began life as a corporate tool.

Singaporeans in their late teens have been seen clutching the smartphones, which is also giving the Apple iPhone a run for its money.

Polytechnic student Nicholas Han, 18, for example, bought a BlackBerry Curve for $300 with a MobileOne plan six months ago.

He wanted a phone that looked different and had many features. 'The interface is very useful and effective and my friends are quite impressed,' he said.

Smartphones were first launched by StarHub in May 2003 and are now sold by all three service providers, who said that they have noticed the BlackBerry's growing popularity.

StarHub chalked up double-digit growth in the sales of the BlackBerry devices and service plans between 2007 and last year. It declined to give numbers.

'The popularity of online instant messaging service and social networking applications that are now available on BlackBerry devices has definitely helped fuel the adoption by young people,' said Mr Ng Long Shyang, StarHub's head of consumer sales.

Mr Gregory Wade, Asia-Pacific regional vice-president for BlackBerry manufacturer Research in Motion (Rim), a Canadian company, said there has been a shift towards smartphones by youth.

The number of young people using BlackBerrys as consumers has also grown worldwide.

In fact, the number of consumer users accounts for almost half the total users worldwide - about 45 per cent of BlackBerry's subscriber account base, said Mr Wade.

There are about 21 million subscribers globally.

The smartphone device was launched 10 years ago for corporate users, particularly professionals who needed information on the go.

It recently got a plug when Mr Obama, who was sworn in last Tuesday as the new US President, said that he was dreading the prospect of having to give up his BlackBerry once he takes office.

His aides are concerned about his e-mail security, and that his correspondence could be subjected to subpoenas under the country's laws.

But last week, he was finally able to convince his security advisers to let him keep his handheld device to stay in touch with a select group of staff and friends.

Young people who own BlackBerrys listed convenient communication and constant access to e- mail as reasons for owning the device.

National University of Singapore business student Jonathan Loh, 24, has had a BlackBerry Bold for seven months now.

'It saves me time because I can check my e-mail on the go and when I'm bored on the train I chat with my friends on MSN,' he said.

'But it can be a bit of a nuisance to be so connected all the time, especially when I'm out with friends or on a date,' he added.

He pays an additional $30 on top of his phone bill for four megabytes of data usage, but got the device free with a 12-month plan with StarHub.

Undergraduate Ritchie Goenawan, 22, has both the iPhone and the BlackBerry but finds the BlackBerry has a more professional image.

'The iPhone looks cool but I'm thinking long term. If I get used to using it now, it will be easier when I'm in the corporate world,' he said.

Rim is riding on this trend. The company plans to launch an online BlackBerry application centre and BlackBerry application store worldwide in the next few months, which would appeal to young people who can download new applications.

Consumers in Singapore will be able to access it.

'Gen Y is a very important component for us and a huge market opportunity,' said Mr Wade.

 

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